Australian Taxation Office

Questions: Section A 1. Allan and Betty were living and working in Melbourne. They settled on a tree change, sold their Melbourne home and bought a huge nation house on a 10 hectare obstruct in focal Victoria. Betty works low maintenance as a bookkeeper and Allan as a locum specialist. Allan is famous with the old patients in the town and normally is given home-made cakes and scones, alongside his charge. On one event he rewarded a nearby wine producers hound for snake chomp when the vet was inaccessible and was given twelve containers of Lonarch Brae shiraz in appreciation. The wine had a retail estimation of $360. 2. Allan and Betty appreciate planting. They intend to build up a couple of hectares of grape vines and start developing vegetables. They go to a proceeding with instruction seminar on natural cultivating and find in their second year they have an overflow of produce. Betty began making jelly and relish utilizing her moms plans. At first she offered them to neighbors yet they turned out to be well known to the point that she opened a slow down at the Newtown Growers Market hung on the second Sunday of consistently. Allan offered a portion of the overabundance to a nearby market and now consistently supplies three retailers with yams and pumpkin. They dont keep records as they never expected to make a benefit yet gauge that in a decent month net receipts could be $500 to $600. 3. Their neighbors have a citrus plantation and during the time vegetables are traded for oranges and mandarins. This appears such a smart thought Allan and Betty choose to set up a trade framework in the zone. To join the framework an individual must compensation an in advance, one-off expense of $50 to Allan and Betty as a charge for the keeping of managerial records. From that point individuals register their products or administrations to be dealt. For instance, Suzie is a resigned stylist and will give styling administrations at her home. No cash changes hands. Suzie would get an a sound representative for her record of 15 to 20 barts that she can trade for products or administrations of equivalent incentive from other enlisted members in the plan (natural product, vegetables, youngster disapproving, yard cutting and so forth.). Part B Nicole Grownman is an Australian entertainer who has had various jobs in movies and visitor appearances in serials. During the year the accompanying occasions happened: Nicole was offered a job in a telemovie set during the 1950s. She was required to put on 10 kilograms to fill the role offered and would be granted the job just in the event that she put on weight. Nicole expanded her food consumption significantly, feasting out a few times each week and eating inexpensive food. She evaluated she burned through $1,000 on food that she would not typically have eaten. She was paid $50,000 for her job. Because of her weight gain Nicole needed to purchase new garments at an expense of $2000. Toward the finish of recording she needed to free weight and get once more into shape so employed a dietician at an expense of $1,000 and a fitness coach ($2,500) and went through seven days at a wellbeing center ($1,500). Nicole was paid $2,000 by Womans World for a meeting in which she talked about the new telemovie just as her own life. She gave the cash to the Royal Childrens Hospital. The telemovie got basic approval and Nicole was offered a little job in a Hollywood film. Under the agreement she was to get $AU20,000. She flew with every available amenity to the United States at an expense of $5,000; economy class would have been $2,000. Subsequent to shooting she went through seven days visiting operators in Hollywood in the desire for making sure about more jobs. Nicole viewed the week as a working occasion and she offered herself five star settlement at an expense of $6,000. A surely understand tattle magazine Eye Spy distributed a tale about Nicole that contained various falsehoods. Customarily she would not have made a big deal about such thing yet with her profession blooming she was worried that her notoriety may be discolored and future jobs lost. She burned through $10,000 in legitimate charges, sued the magazine for slander and was effective in making sure about harms of $50,000. A brief break in acting followed and at her directors proposal Nicole paid $1,000 to a voice mentor to improve her voice projection. In the desire that her profession was to take off finally, Nicole moved to a leased apartment. She explicitly chose a two room unit with the goal that one room could be saved for restrictive use as an investigation/office. There she could understand contents, manage correspondence and ruminate. Her supervisor proposed she would be qualified for a duty derivation for a division of the lease. Answers: Section A 1. Realities with respect to the current case Allen and Betty are two individual citizens. Both are the inhabitants of Melbourne. Because of specific reasons the two of them arrived at a resolution to sell their home in the Melbourne and move to Central Victoria. As of now both are under some calling. Further both are hitched couple. The spouse is a locum specialist. A locum specialist is the person who gives clinical treatment without the first specialist. The spouse is fills in as low maintenance bookkeeper at some spot. The spouse who is a nearby specialist has acclaim in the brains of senior residents at where the two of them live. Allan charges expenses for offering support. He is being given extra thought in kind moreover Questions brought up for the situation The case requests the ramifications of assessment for the extra thought got. Judgment and Analysis In extremely straightforward structure, bargain is an arrangement of managing wherein products and ventures are traded for merchandise and enterprises. Cash has no task to carry out under this framework. At times there wins an incomplete bargain framework wherein the thought is paid in cash just as kind. The caring segment is under bargain framework. In the current case Allan offered clinical assistance to a canine that was harmed by a snake nibble. The proprietor of the pooch gave a few expenses in kind for the treatment. The proprietor of the pooch was satisfied with the administration Allan gave and he furthermore talented twelve of wine bottles. The retail estimation of the equivalent was $360. This exchange absolutely falls under trade framework. This case has attributes like FC of T v. Cooke Sherden(1980) 42 FLR 403; (1980) 10 ATR 696; (1980) 29 ALR 202; 80 ATC 4140, under this case the court concluded that the supplier of administration needs to pay charge on the retail estimation of the sort. End At the point when we apply the realities, conditions and choice of the previously mentioned case to our case we reason that Allan needs to pay charge on the retail estimation of wine. 2. Realities with respect to the current case Expressed in the inquiry Questions brought up for the situation The case requests the ramifications of duty and further solicits to give insights about enlistment from the business Judgment and Analysis The arrangements identifying with this case are given under (Taxation Ruling TR 97/11). The expectations of both are not to make benefits. The month to month receipts are $500 to $600. At the point when we complete it for a year we see that the absolute gross receipts for a specific year is $6000 to $7200. There are explicit prerequisites for getting the business enlisted with the annual duty authority. These are as per the following For organizations it is necessary regardless of the turnover The GST turnover is more than $75000 There is no arrangement for enrolling a non GST turnover business For our situation the vegetables are utilized to make jelly and relish. This is given to neighbors. At that point gradually the couple made a slow down and began offering to open. So they are working together. Be that as it may, they are not required to settle burden or get their business enlisted as the turnover is under $75000 for the year. This case additionally brings up an issue of pastime versus Business. The fundamental distinction between them two is expectation to procure benefit. At the point when the expectation is to gain benefit then it is named as business yet when the goal is simply fun and entertainment than it is nottermed as business. The realities expressed for this situation have qualities like Blockey v. FC of T(1923) 31 CLR 503 Isaacs J. For this situation the court concluded that non benefit exchange doesn't pull in the arrangements of ITAA 1997 End In the wake of looking to the realities, conditions and the choice of the previously mentioned case we presume that they don't require to make the enrollment for business as the turnover doesn't surpass $75000, they dont even require to have a duty recording number as the pay is underneath $18000 for the year. The exercises that them two carry on are non business exercises. 3. Realities with respect to the current case Expressed in the inquiry Questions brought up for the situation What are the duty ramifications of bargain framework? Judgment and Analysis In straightforward structure, deal is an arrangement of managing wherein merchandise and ventures are traded for products and enterprises. Cash has no task to carry out under this framework. At times there wins an incomplete trade framework wherein the thought is paid in cash just as kind. The thoughtful bit is under bargain framework. There are a few types of trade framework which is somewhat complex. Such framework are claimed and constrained by part association. The mechanism of trade isn't merchandise or administrations yet certain units of credit. The individuals pay some membership forthright for joining the enrollment. For giving products and enterprises to different individuals supplier gets a few focuses and the person in question uses such focuses to buy merchandise and ventures from different individuals. Be that as it may, for this they have to have a Goods and Service Tax number. What's more, under deal framework the association can guarantee input charge credit (Section 290.240). Case alluded, FC of T v. Cooke Sherden(1980) 42 FLR 403; (1980) 10 ATR 696; (1980) 29 ALR 202; 80 ATC 4140, End There are such a large number of ends with respect to this case Allan and Betty need to get their association enlisted for under ATO just as for GST They have to get Tax Filling Number and need to document annual assessment form each year They have to keep up records of exchanges of their individuals Part B 1. Realities of the case During 1950s

State Representative John B. Orr Jr. free essay sample

All through the Florida Capitol working, there are representations or dedications celebrating for all intents and purposes each political dignitary of the states past, including an overseer senator who served only three days. No place on the premises, in any case, is there a tribute to the man who submitted the most excellent demonstration of political mental fortitude in Floridas history. That man is the late John B. Orr Jr. of Miami. Because of the Supreme Courts milestone 1954 Brown v. Leading group of Education administering, Florida was one of numerous Southern states that endeavored to thwart racial reconciliation of its government funded educational system. In the midst of the 1956 gubernatorial decisions, officeholder Florida Governor LeRoy Collins â€Å"quietly upheld a board of trustees to investigate lawful measures by which the state could strengthen its arrangement of isolated practices† (Winsboro). The advisory group, led by resigned Circuit Judge L.L. Fabisinski of Pensacola, suggested â€Å"the fortifying of neighborhood educational committees and the improvement of the governors forces of law enforcement† so as to sustain isolation of Floridas instructive organizations (Winsboro). Remembering the Fabisinski Commissions investigation, Governor Collins drafted a bundle of bills, including a Pupil Assignment Act and a Private School Corporation Act, to dodge the Supreme Courts Brown decision. On July 26, 1956, Governor Collins proposed the Fabisinski Commission isolation bills during an extraordinary meeting of the state council. At the point when the roll was approached the first of the bills to arrive at the House floor, 89 administrators, grasping Floridas oppressive racial traditions, casted a ballot â€Å"Aye.† Representative John B. Orr Jr. alone casted a ballot â€Å"Nay.† On a state of individual benefit, Orr tended to a quieted and tense chamber to legitimize his contradiction. â€Å"I accept that isolation is ethically wrong,† he claimed. â€Å"I accept that peasants are offensive to popularity based standards. The way that the custom is of long standing makes it no less wrong.† Orr tested the underlying foundations of Floridas racial narrow mindedness, declaring that â€Å"the pigmentation of ones skin is no reasonable reason for setting him apart,† and, insinuating the first content of the Fifteenth Amendment, â€Å"we are s ponsored by our constitution, that we don't segregate based on race, shading, or creed.† Notwithstanding his moral complaints, Orr reproached his partners egregious lack of respect for the Supreme Courts Brown decision and the more extensive standards of American law. â€Å"To challenge the most elevated court in our land,† Orr introspected, â€Å"is unbelievable to me.† Echoing the Warren Courts consistent supposition in Brown, Orr noticed that Florida had â€Å"not given equivalent however separate instructive offices and I dont accept this is conceivable. As an outcome of the difference in instructive offices, we in the South have had throughout the years a huge section of our populace which has been inadequately educated.† Orrs ensuing disclosure that he was an individual from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) collected maybe the bitterest repugnance from his kindred officials. The solitary dissident finished up his discourse by citing a supplication discussed by the pastor of the House two days sooner:  "Help us, in this manner, to see that it is smarter to bomb in an admirable motivation that will eventually succeed, than to prevail in a wicked reason that will at last fail.† Galvanized by the shameful acts of Floridas isolation convention, Orr strikingly pushed for equivalent scholastic offices for a persecuted African-American minority. Similarly as John F. Kennedy respected the free thinker autonomy of eight U.S. legislators in Profiles in Courage, State Representative Orr typified â€Å"a government official scrupulously craving †¦ ‘to push [his] dinghy from the shore alone into a threatening and fierce sea.† After his brief rant against the Fabisinski charges, Orr â€Å"received no applause† when he came back to his House seat (Boyles). Such quiet was just a wave in the heavy political and individual kickback Orr looked in the wake of his solitary difference. The next morning, Orrs auntie got a call undermining Orr and his family. A crowd of racial oppressors bearing lights intruded onto Orrs property and consumed a cross on his front garden. In assessing Orrs master coordination stand, Florida papers deplored that the youthful Miamian was â€Å"washed up politically† and â€Å"alone †without companions †among his individual legislators.† The Miami Herald questione d: Would it not have been exceptional for Orr to have ‘taken a stroll at the hour of the democratic in the House of Representatives instead of create expanded ill will of the littler areas against enormous Dade? Absenting ones self from a move call vote may not be the boldest activity, yet it is an old move utilized by lawmakers who don't wish to be recorded deciding on a specific issue. Orr could have â€Å"taken a walk† during this tiresome preliminary of still, small voice. Be that as it may, he didnt. Miami-Dade voters reacted no more well to Orrs nervy contradiction. The youthful lawmaker was reappointed in 1956 simply because the documenting cutoff time had passed. After two years, Orr lost to segregationist David Eldridge in the Democratic essential political decision. Like straightforward Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton, included in Kennedys Profiles in Courage, State Representative Orr was â€Å"willing to meet pounding rout as opposed to bargain his principles† in light of the fact that â€Å"his want to win or keep up a notoriety for trustworthiness and mental fortitude was more grounded than his craving to keep up his office† (Kennedy). In spite of the fact that Orr never accomplished any political office higher than Miami-Dade County civic chairman, low maintenance position with little impact, he kept on squeezing for the progressive  ­integration of Floridas educational system. Orrs political affliction planted a seed for instructive change in Florida. That seed  ­finally developed on the morning of Sept. 7, 1959, when â€Å"twenty-five African-American understudies ventured onto the grounds of Orchard Villa Elementary School and Air Base Elementary School,† denoting the official finish of isolation inside the Miami-Dade County Public School framework (Winsboro). Fundamentally, Titles IV and VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 empowered government authorization of integration in Floridas staying defiant school areas. Following quite a while of sturdy support even with overpowering restriction, Orr saw his noble motivation of racial reconciliation eventually succeed. Book reference Boyles, John L. â€Å"Legislator Berates Orr on House.† The Miami Herald 31 July 1956: 2A. Microform. MDPLS Florida Room. Boyles, John L. â€Å"Orrs Family Threatened on Telephone Soon After Blistering Speech in House.† The Miami Herald 27 July 1956: 26A. Microform. MDPLS Florida Room. â€Å"Dade Legislator Whos in NAACP Tells House ‘Segregation is Morally Wrong.† Tampa Morning Tribune 27 July 1956: n. pag. Microform. MDPLS Florida Room. Senior member, Clarence. â€Å"Vote Emphasizes Florida Changes.† The New York Times 8 Nov. 1956: 42. Microform. ProQuest Historical Newspapers (2006) Duke, Lynne. â€Å"How Big a Stretch?† The Washington Post 7 May 2007: C01. Web. 28 June 2010. Dyckman, Martin. â€Å"Few Have the Courage to Take a Stand Series.† Editorial. St. Petersburg Times 11 Jan. 2000, South Pinellas ed.: 11A. Print. Kennedy, John F. Profiles in Courage. 1956. New York: HarperCollins, 2003. Print. McDermott, John B. â€Å"Dade Politicians Ponder Orrs Position.† The Miami Herald 28 July 1956: 11A. Microform. MDPLS Florida Room. McDermott, John B. â€Å"Orrs Stand Weakens His Usefulness.† The Miami Herald 29 July 1956: n. pag. Microform. MDPLS Florida Room. â€Å"NAACP Member, Orr Says.† The Miami Herald 25 July 1956: n. pag. Microform. MDPLS Florida Room. â€Å"Southerner with a Conscience.† Harper Magazine Oct. 1957: 18-20. Print. Taylor, Matt. â€Å"Jack Orr: Trail of Glory and Despair.† The Miami Herald 4 May 1969: 14C. Microform. MDPLS Florida Room. Vecchione, Joe. â€Å"Bi-Racial Effort Suggested Here.† The Miami News 21 Sept. 1958: n. pag. Microform. MDPLS Florida Room. Winsboro, Irvin D.S. â€Å"An Historical Perspective on Public School Desegregation in Florida.† Florida Conference of Historians. Florida Gulf Coast University, 27 Feb. 2010. Web. 21 June 2010. .

Avivas Leadership Power and Motivation Lab Report

Avivas Leadership Power and Motivation - Lab Report Example Aviva is the biggest general back up plan in the UK and has near 31.5 million clients spread over the 16 nations. As indicated by the organization site, the organization accomplished 2.2 billion UK pounds in benefits after duty in 2013 contrasted with 2.9 billion pounds revealed in 2012 (Aviva 2014). The money settlements developed by 40 percent to arrive at 1.3 billion UK pounds while the new business expanded by 13 percent to 835 million during the year 2013. In the current 2014 budgetary year, Aviva is centered around improving the money settlements while improving the life coverage business portion through separated evaluating and building vital organizations in developing markets (Aviva 2014). Aviva’s key structure is centered around speculation, client, appropriation, and individuals Aviva has achieved magnificent execution in five measurements that incorporate income the board, working benefits, an estimation of new business, costs and joined working proportion because of astounding authority and individuals the executives. Aviva has a various item portfolio and exceptionally capable workers that oblige the changing money related arranging and protection needs of both rustic and urban clients (Aviva 2014). Administration is a basic part of Aviva’s accomplishment since the administration is focused on the authoritative objectives and has plot an unmistakable vision that is centered around expanding comes back to the store financial specialists and fulfilling the protection clients. Another key perspective that has encouraged Aviva’s development and productivity is inspiration since the representatives are focused on better in their occupations. The re port will talk about the accomplishment of Aviva utilizing authoritative speculations and ideas of initiative and force. The second component of hierarchical structure and the board of individuals that will be the persuasive procedures that have been utilized by the organization to guarantee high worker execution.

Wrecking Ball (Music Video) Interpretation by Miley Cyrus free essay sample

From the second Miley mounted the dark circle of annihilation, the destroying ball turned out to be in excess of a development apparatus; it turned into an image of the froth finger queen’s inheritance. â€Å"Wrecking Ball† opens with the amazing verses â€Å"we ripped at, we binded, our hearts futile. We bounced, never asking why†. A solitary tear moves down Ms. Cyrus’ left cheek. This is an image of how her separation with Liam Hemsworth left her: an enthusiastic wreck. Could her absence of garments perhaps speak to the crude sentiments the track copies? Next, Ms. Cyrus, in her grimy maroon Doc Martens, gets another instrument of pulverization: the mallet. Miley licks the mallet. She can taste the severe kind of the passionate thrashing managed by Liam, the greatest device of all. The camera container as the destroying ball obliterates the encompassing structures. The verses â€Å"all I needed was to break your dividers, however all you could possibly d o was wreck me† recommend that maybe, Miley’s dividers of security have additionally fallen. We will compose a custom exposition test on Destroying Ball (Music Video) Interpretation by Miley Cyrus or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The video reaches a conclusion as scenes streak by indicating Miley lying in the destruction sobbing; be that as it may, she hints that the destroying ball will swing again with the last lines â€Å"don’t you ever state I just left. I will consistently need you†.

The Vikings Essay -- Scandinavian Pirates History Vikings Essays

The Vikings The word Viking in the Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language says that the word Viking implies the accompanying. â€Å"Vi†¢king 1. any of the Scandinavian privateers who loot the shorelines of Europe from the eighth to tenth hundreds of years. 2. an ocean wandering desperado: privateer. 3. a Scandinavian. 4. U.S. Aviation. One of a progression of room tests that got logical data about Mars.† (1) The Vikings lived around one thousand years prior in the terrains that we currently call Iceland, Lapland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. To a great many people the Vikings were looters that got in their longboats and cruised some place and afterward went from town to town executing and plundering. This isn't totally evident, on the grounds that the Vikings were additionally incredible swashbucklers. They set up exchanging joins and searched for land that they could settle down make a home and have a ranch. In any case, not to state that the Vikings weren’t wild warriors, since they were extraordinary warriors that won pretty much every early fight. In spite of the fact that they never had a domain, the King of Denmark managed Norway and England for a short time from 1030 to 1035.  â â â â The Vikings had numerous explanations behind leaving their country and satisfying being the incredible travelers that they were. One motivation to leave was that the land that the Vikings were living in was getting over populated, to such an extent that one family couldn’t own as much land, as he might want. Additionally the land in Scandinavia, that they lived on was exceptionally precipitous and had almost no land that could be cultivated. In like manner Sweden contained numerous backwoods that made it not fit for cultivating.      The Viking individuals were split into various classes a lot of like numerous different social orders. They were split by how much land and cash that they had. There were the â€Å"kings† that governed over every township. Underneath him came the rich aristocrats, or jarls. The lord and the jarls were the most influential individuals in a township. At that point beneath the jarls there were the freemen or the karls, which included experts, shippers, and ranchers. At the exceptionally base of the chain of command were the slaves also called thralls.      The greater part of Vikings invested almost no energy away from home on attacks. Rather they were at home filling in as ranchers, developing oats, grain, rye, and vegetables, and watching out for their steers, sheep, pigs, and goats. They likewise kept organic products, for example, apples, and nuts, for example, hazelnuts and pecan... ... Inc,  ©1996, page 2122 2. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 49 3. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 49 4. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 50 5. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 54 6. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 54 7. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 27 8. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 27 List of sources 1. Done by Committee. Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. New York, NY; Random House Value Publishing, Inc,  ©1996. 2. Martell, Hazel Mary. What Do We Know About The Vikings? New York, NY; Simon and Schuster Young Books,  ©1992. 3. Ganeri, Anita. Concentrate On Vikings. New York, NY; Aladdin Books,  ©1992 4. Streissguth, Thomas. Life Among the Vikings. San Diego, California; Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999 5. http://www.sandiaprep.org/library/face cloth/bib.html 6. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vikings/village.html For the video’s on CD. The Vikings Essay - Scandinavian Pirates History Vikings Essays The Vikings The word Viking in the Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language says that the word Viking implies the accompanying. â€Å"Vi†¢king 1. any of the Scandinavian privateers who loot the shores of Europe from the eighth to tenth hundreds of years. 2. an ocean meandering scoundrel: privateer. 3. a Scandinavian. 4. U.S. Aviation. One of a progression of room tests that acquired logical data about Mars.† (1) The Vikings lived around one thousand years back in the terrains that we presently call Iceland, Lapland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. To a great many people the Vikings were marauders that got in their longboats and cruised some place and afterward went from town to town executing and plundering. This isn't totally obvious, in light of the fact that the Vikings were likewise extraordinary explorers. They set up exchanging joins and searched for land that they could settle down make a home and have a homestead. Be that as it may, not to state that the Vikings weren’t furious warriors, since they were extraordinary warriors that won pretty much every early fight. In spite of the fact that they never had a domain, the King of Denmark administered Norway and England for a short time from 1030 to 1035.  â â â â The Vikings had numerous explanations behind leaving their country and satisfying being the extraordinary globe-trotters that they were. One motivation to leave was that the land that the Vikings were living in was getting over populated, with the end goal that one family couldn’t own as much land, as he might want. Likewise the land in Scandinavia, that they lived on was extremely hilly and had next to no land that could be cultivated. In like manner Sweden contained numerous backwoods that made it not fit for cultivating.      The Viking individuals were split into various classes a lot of like numerous different social orders. They were split by how much land and cash that they had. There were the â€Å"kings† that controlled over every township. Underneath him came the rich aristocrats, or jarls. The ruler and the jarls were the most influential individuals in a township. At that point underneath the jarls there were the freemen or the karls, which included specialists, traders, and ranchers. At the extremely base of the command hierarchy were the slaves also called thralls.      The larger part of Vikings invested next to no energy away from home on strikes. Rather they were at home filling in as ranchers, developing oats, grain, rye, and vegetables, and keeping an eye on their cows, sheep, pigs, and goats. They likewise kept natural products, for example, apples, and nuts, for example, hazelnuts and pecan... ... Inc,  ©1996, page 2122 2. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 49 3. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 49 4. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 50 5. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 54 6. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 54 7. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 27 8. Streissguth, Thomas, â€Å"Life Among the Vikings†, Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999, page 27 Book reference 1. Done by Committee. Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. New York, NY; Random House Value Publishing, Inc,  ©1996. 2. Martell, Hazel Mary. What Do We Know About The Vikings? New York, NY; Simon and Schuster Young Books,  ©1992. 3. Ganeri, Anita. Concentrate On Vikings. New York, NY; Aladdin Books,  ©1992 4. Streissguth, Thomas. Life Among the Vikings. San Diego, California; Lucent Books, Inc,  ©1999 5. http://www.sandiaprep.org/library/tucker/bib.html 6. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vikings/village.html For the video’s on CD.

I have SMASHING news!

I have SMASHING news! Allo poppets!! Sir Nigel Archibald Blogberry here! Marianne and I docked the commvee for some petrol while the kids fetch a cuppa and some take-away. Earlier this year Eliza asked us to install wireless Internet on the old boat. In fact she was rather demanding, although I must say now I quite enjoy being able to stream BBC Radio to Zanzibar while on safari. She also insisted I begin a web journal which sounded like a simply magnificent idea. So let me tell you about our most recent discovery! Whilst rummaging about in the archives of the Bodleian I had found an old map of labyrinthine catacombs along the banks of the Charles River. So we pipped across the pond to explore the secrets of the old colonies and whatnot. I must say upon our arrival the seafaring natives looked at us a tad queerly, but after I deployed some primitive sign language they seemed to understand and welcome us. Some of them even brought us some terrific whopping rashers of bacon that were simply splendid. We packed our kit and started exploring the catacombs. I had barely touched pick to whisker before I fell into a great honking cavern. After I got over a slightly embarrassing case of the screaming abdabs, Eliza handed me a lantern and I began peering about. Thats when I saw them: the most SPLENDIFEROUS cave paintings I have ever seen, complete with ancient inscriptions in a mysterious tongue carved beneath them! Once, in the distant past, in the ancient land of Beaveria, there were two warring peoples: the people of Pi, and the people of Tau. For many moons they fought bitterly amongst themselves over how the circumference of a circle might properly be measured and honored. Until one day a wise old man, Stuartus Schmillius, came down from his home on the mountain top, bearing with him two stone tablets. “People of Beaveria!” said Schmillius, “It is time for us to cease this battle and live in peace!” He held his tablets aloft, shining in the sun. “From this day forth, we shall honor both our ways!” proclaimed the old man. “On Pi Day, at Tau Time, our peoples will join together in a celebration of peace, and also math!” Schmillius planted the tablets into the hillside, where they stand to this very day. Then he sprightly skateboarded away into the horizon. The people of Beaveria were somewhat puzzled, but thankful for this wisdom. And thereafter they honored Pi Day â€" 3/14 â€" at Tau Time â€" 6:28 PM â€" as a moment of special significance, as do their descendants to this very day. And beside this last painting was a final, lengthier message, carved deeply into the rock, as if its creators wanted to make sure it would last long after them. MIT Regular Action admissions decisions will be available online on Wednesday, March 14, beginning at 6:28 PM ET. When decisions are released, access decisions.mit.edu and log in using the same username and password that you use to log into your MyMIT account. There are no interim screens, so you should be sure you are ready to receive your decision online before logging in to decisions.mit.edu. To ensure that you will receive a decision online, please visit https://decisions.mit.edu/verify.php and enter your username and password. The verify page is available now for applicants to confirm their login ability and decision eligibility. If you've forgotten your MyMIT username and/or password, you may use our automated system to reset it. Visit MyMIT and click on the lost username or password links beneath the log-in box on the right. I must say I havent the foggiest idea what this all means. A dark myth of wizards and warlords? Perhaps a primitive clamor for crops? An unusually dapper vision of the gods and ancients? Alas, we shall never know, as Im afraid their language is clearly long dead and totally indecipherable, even to a learned expert such as myself. Mores the pity, but ah well! The tots are back from Tesco and its time for us to be Blogberrying about again! Cheerio!

What Should We Know About AIDS - Free Essay Example

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been around in America since the 1970s. Since then, the effect of this disease on funeral service has been a part of many precautions that have been put into place. HIV and AIDS is a highly infectious disease that can be transmitted via bodily fluids and blood. While the main way this disease is spread is through sexual contact and sharing of needles, as an embalmer we come into contact with the body fluids, so we are therefore at a higher risk of infection. There are ways for people to get tested and treated for this disease but there is no cure. While there is treatment this does not mean the person can no longer pass on the infection, so as the embalmer this is an example of why we have universal precautions and special additional methods to ensure our safety and the preservation of the descendant infected with this disease.   HIV/AIDS and its Effects on Funeral Service HIV/AIDS arose in the United States around the 1970s. In this paper the origin, symptoms, treatment, diagnoses will be discussed. Most importantly the implications this disease has on the embalmer will be discussed. Since HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease spread by contact of bodily fluids this causes concern for professionals in our field. Its important to be knowledgeable about different diseases so that you as the embalmer can take the precautions needed. While this paper gives lots of useful information, its important to always remember the number one rule of always practicing universal precautions from first removal until disposition and even in the preparatory room afterwards. Scientific Name of the Disease HIV stands for Human immunodeficiency virus and has two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2.   The pathogen HIV causes the disease AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This type of immunological disease is caused by a retrovirus. A virus comes in many different types but the main similarity is that they infect a host cell inside the body and use it to continuously reproduce more infected cells. A retrovirus is a special type of virus because unlike most viruses it does not contain DNA wrapped in a protein but instead RNA. The cells that this virus targets are the T cells in the immune system; the virus mutates the T cells and then continues to reproduce this mutated cell. This slight difference with the retrovirus is that it allows the virus to reproduce these mutated cells quickly and they become more resistant to treatments (Mullins, 2006). Origin of HIV/AIDS The CDC website has an article about the origin of the virus. Its thought that HIV started in African from a Chimpanzee, this Chimpanzee was infected with a different type of the virus called, simian immunodeficiency virus. Through a mutation its believed that the virus became communicable to humans. Once our human population in Africa became infected it wasnt long before we started to see it in other parts of the world. The virus is believed to have appeared in Africa in the 1800s and was first diagnosed in America about the 1970s (HIV/AIDS, n.d.). Symptoms of HIV/AIDS Due to the progression of HIV to AIDS and the many other opportunistic pathogens associated with this virus there can be many different symptoms that may appear in people diagnosed with HIV or AIDS. There are three stages of the disease as it progresses from HIV to AIDS. Stage 1, acute HIV infection, symptoms typically appear 2 to 4 weeks after the initial infection of the virus. As the body naturally reacts to the virus infection, flu like symptoms may appear. These symptoms do not always appear in every case. This can be dangerous because during this first stage of the disease the infected person is very contagious, so if you are a person that does show these symptoms you may not know that anything is wrong for a while. In addition to the symptoms not appearing, tests may show up with a false negative, even though you can still have and spread the virus. Stage 2 is called the clinical latency (inactivity/dormancy) stage. Again this stage does not always present symptoms, especially if the person is actively being treated. Even though the virus is dormant the person may still be able to spread the virus to others. If a person is actively being treated they may stay in this stage for many years. The treatment keeps the HIV in the blood low so that the immune system is not as badly affected. Its once the HIV has progressed to a point where the immune system is very low that it can no longer fight off infections that the disease progresses to AIDS. The symptoms specifically associated with AIDS include: chills, fever, sweats, swollen lymph glands, weakness and weight loss. This is in addition to the low T Cell count (HIV/AIDS, n.d.). Its at this point where people start to acquire the opportunistic pathogens because the bodys immune system cannot control fighting them off any more. This means that the symptoms associated become much worse as well as a result of the other diseases the person may now have. Treatments for HIV/AIDS While there is no cure for the disease there is fairly successful treatment available. The treatment used and recommended today by the CDC is antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART is a combination of drugs taken by HIV patients. What this drug does is it lowers the amount of the HIV virus in the blood. Lowering the amount of the virus allows people to live longer lives even with the disease (HIV/AIDS, n.d.). The main side effects of the ART medication shouldnt cause serve differences in the body in regards to post mortem effect. Post Mortem Effects of HIV/AIDS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The post mortem effect of this disease really varies from case to case. With proper treatment patients affected are able to live for a long time with minimal problems. In this case, the living and post mortem effects may be unnoticeable. Other patients may have progressed further in the disease making them more susceptible to opportunistic pathogens due to their low immune system.   Mentioned later is all of the other diseases are associated with HIV/AIDS. Diagnoses and Testing for HIV/AIDS To find out if you are infected with HIV finding a testing center or purchasing an at home testing kit from your pharmacy is the first place to start. Since symptoms are not always present when first contracted, its important if you are sexually active or in a medical health professions to get regularly tested at your local doctors office. There are three different types of tests available they are: nucleic acid test (NAT), antigen/antibody tests, and antibody tests. The NAT test looks for the virus in the blood and the antigen/antibody tests look for HIV antigens and antibodies that the body would be naturally producing if infected with HIV (HIV/AIDS, n.d.). Tests either use blood or saliva and there are tests that can be done at a medical facility or at home. It is always recommended and in your best interest to follow up with your medical doctor. Transmission of HIV/AIDS HIV is considered to be an STI, a sexually transmitted disease, meaning it can be spread through sexual contact. The virus can enter at the vaginal opening, penis, rectum or orally. Sexual contact is not the only way that the virus can spread, any contact with infected blood; this can be through physical contact of wounds, blood transfusions and most commonly in drug users. HIV can also be spread from mother to child during birth or from breast milk, but this is less common (Mullins, 2006). Drug use is one of the most common ways that the virus is spread; this is from using contaminated needles that are shared. This is important for embalmers to note because in the event of a needle-stick injury the virus can be spread very easily. Opportunistic Pathogens associated with HIV/AIDS Patients that are diagnosed with AIDS are susceptible to opportunistic infections due to the diseases effect on the immune system. Having a suppressed immune system makes the body more susceptible to infections. Similar to how the elderly are often at a greater risk. Most often the parts of the body that get infectious are the central nervous system, the mouth, lungs, kidney, large intestine, small intestine and the skin. The central nervous system can contact disease such as Meningitis, Encephalitis, and AIDS dementia. Diseases seen in the mouth are Herpes labiallis and Thrush. Disease seen in the lung is pneumonia. In the Kidneys, AID nephropathy. In the large intestine is Colitis and Procitis. The small intestine mal-absorption is often seen. Dermatitis, Folliculitis and Impetigo are infections on the skin. Lymphoma and Kaposis sarcoma are also diseases seen (Mullins, 2006). Many of these disease can be life threating when the are a secondary infection of HIV/AIDS, because the imm une system is suppressed these infections are more difficult for the body to fight off.   The normal T cell count can be around 10 when the normal count is typically around 1,000 T Cells (Muller, 2006). Precautions for the Embalmer As discussed in the textbook, Embalming History, Theory and Practice, every embalming should follow the Blood-borne Pathogen Rule. This rule has three parts, universal precautions, engineering controls and work practice controls (Mayer, 2012). Universal precautions mean that you treat every single case in the preparatory room as if it is an infectious disease case. While embalmer by law are supposed to be notified of an infectious case, that does not always mean they are aware. Proper personal protective equipment such as gloves, ventilation mask, face shield, arm covers, smock, shoe covers and a hair net and important for the embalmer to have. Protecting your skin from direct contact is very important. Disinfecting, sterilizing your tools and workspace prevents any body fluids from contaminating the work area. Disposing of sharps in the correct container (handling them with care) and other materials in the biohazard container will help with stick injuries and contamination. Dont for get about during the removal too, wear your personal protective equipment and dispose of it correctly.   The threat to embalmers is not AIDS itself, although the infection can be spread through need-stick injuries. The threat to embalmers is the potential of spreading and contracting opportunistic infections (Mullins, 2006). In a conversation with two embalmers, Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Omatis I asked if either of them had ever embalmed an infectious disease case and what advice they would have. Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Omatis both expressed to be how important universal precautions were and how as long as they are followed that rule not much in the methods used is very different. Mr. Gilbert mentioned that he is sure to wear extra protection if he knows its in infectious case, particularly a face mask and a face shield, he said that sometimes he will even double glove (Gilbert, 2018). Mr. Omatis had a similar response but also told me how he has almost encountered two needle stick injuries while embalming an AIDS case. Mr. Omatis told me, Youll never feel your heart drop to your stomach so fast when you almost poke yourself with the needle or the trocar, especially if its an autopsy case. Mr. Omatis expressed the importance of taking your time and doing procedures the correct way to avoid any skin puncturing inju ries. Its very important before the embalmer starts the embalming process to complete a pre-embalming analysis. The embalming analysis will be notes taken about the conditions of the body before the embalming preparations are started. Because there are so many infections and diseases that appear with AIDS, the conditions of a decedent with AIDS may have vary widely. By properly completing the pre-embalming analysis the embalmer can make note of what special precautions must take place and what extra steps might be needed. There are certain methods of drainage that the embalmer may consider to use to minimize exposure to the blood and to minimize the airborne pathogens. The two methods that may be considered are using a drain tube or direct heart drainage. The center of drainage come from the right atrium of the heart, the method of direct heart drainage is taking the drainage during embalming directly from the right atrium. The method of direct heart drainage is a good technique for infectious cases because it will minimize the exposure of the blood to the air, therefore creating a safer environment for the embalmer. This method is done by inserting a trocar into the right atrium, where the aspirator can be turned on slightly to start the movement of blood out of the body, then can be turned off. The blood will exit the heart through the trocar, through the tube attached to the trocar and into a bottle or the drain. Using a drain tube is a similar technique because it will keep the drainage of blood contained in a tube, and into the drain to minimize exposure.   There are a variety of drain tubes that can be used for different areas of the body (Mayer, 2012). Special Methods used in Embalming In the text book, Embalming History, Theory, and Practice, embalming treatments that are recommended for a contagious disease case it says use solutions a little stronger than normal (2-3%); run plenty of volume; avoid personal contact with first drainage; run volume and increased strengths depending on other body conditions (Mayer 2012).   A higher index and higher solution will make sure to fixate the proteins to help stop microbial growth. The reason to avoid contact with the first drainage is because that will be the most infectious of the blood; other drainage would have come into contact with the arterial fluids.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   HIV and AIDS is an important disease to be knowledgeable about in funeral service. From its origin, the transmission and the embalming implications there is a lot to be aware of. Because this disease is an infectious disease spread by body fluids and blood, the funeral director and embalmer should know how to treat the body for both personal protection and so that the body is preserved in the best way possible to prevent other infection and to help the family view their loved one before final disposition.   The most important aspect to remember is to always follow universal precautions and take your time to analysis and preform the correct procedures.

Harriet Martineau Essay - 1056 Words

Harriet Martineau Although we think of sexism as a situation that has been dealt with, we still have much to learn. A key turning point in discrimination against women was the courageous actions of Harriet Martineau. Harriet was born in 1802, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Martineau. She grew up in a home without any encouragement for her education. Instead she was trained, as all other women in her life, to be a homemaker. However this did not stop her efforts to pursue her dream. Even though she risked exile from her family, friends, and society at whole, Harriet continued her studies of women’s lesser role in the social aspects of life. Harriet described her childhood as a â€Å"burdensome experience† (Household†¦show more content†¦Soon after she joined a circle of writers and theologians in London. Working with such famous people as: Charles Babbage, Thomas Carlyle, George Eliot, Florence Nightingale, Charles Dickens, Thomas Malthaus, William Wodsworth, Charlotte Bronte, and Charles Darwin. As she kept writing she became more respected and her popularity grew quickly. Harriet first got a large reading public when she popularized classical economics with a series of anecdotes and short stories. She especially focused on the ideas of Thomas Robert Malthus and David Ricardo: Illustrations of Political Economy, 25 vol. (1832-34), Poor Laws and Paupers Illustraed, 10 vol. (1833-34), and Illustrations of Taxation, 5 vol. (1834). After she visited the United States she wrote Society in America (1837), which is her most popular writing used amongst sociologists today, and Retrospect of Western Travel (1838). She also wrote How to Observe Morals and Manners (1838), which was another admired writing of hers. â€Å"Her writings in How to Observe Morals and Manners offered a positivist solution to the correspondence problem between intersubjectivity, verifiable observables, and unobservable theoretical issues (Hill, http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/martineau.html).† After this she felt she needed to approach the subject of the Abolition Movement and repudiated laissez-faire economics favoring a moreShow MoreRelatedThe Social Theories of Harriet Martineau831 Words   |  4 PagesThe Social Theories of Harriet Martineau For the most part, men are usually credited when it comes to Sociological Theories and explanations. Women were given little attention if any, when it came to matters outside of the household. One woman in particular managed to stand out in the 1800’s despite the plague of gender inequalities during her time. 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In Thoreau’s Walking he used the physical action of walking to discuss the wilderness of America and the influence the wilderness has on creating the idea of a distinct American people. Similar to Thoreau, Harriet Martinue Society in America discusses the unique character of the American people. ComparativelyRead MorePolitical, Religious, And Social Institutions861 Words   |  4 PagesGroup B Question 4 Harriett Martineau can be considered the first sociologist, she not only influenced Marx’s work on the political economy, but brought positivism to the English speaking world. Martineau was the first to collect data through observation, and speak for and to the people. Martineau s reflections on Society in America, are prime examples of her sociological methods. Her ideas in this field were set out in her book How to Observe Morals and Manners. She believed that some very general

women against violence - violence in the home - 1468 Words

Violence In The Home Violence in the Home Domestic violence has been a critical issue impacting women globally for many years, in which extreme acts of violence and aggression are put forth as they dominate their partner in such forms of verbal, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and physical, abuse. These behaviours said to be socially learned and are a criminal act when caught or reported to law enforcement. â€Å"Nearly two-thirds of women who reported being raped, physically assaulted, or stalked since ages 18 were victimized by a current or former husband, cohabiting partner, boyfriend, or date (Tjaden and Thoennes 2000a).† Domestic violence in the past has been more of a hidden problem, as it occurs†¦show more content†¦Domestic violence shelters do have rules that people who stay there have to follow, in order to make sure that everyone stays safe.† (The Domestic Violence Prevention Act. 2008) If the woman has a child with her partner, this poses an even more difficult and harder situation to escape because she would have to consider the childs needs and then this creates a higher chance again of staying for the child’s best interest. An abusive relationship is not healthy for adults nor children. Leaving is really what is in the best interest of the children, as opposed to staying and pretending to be a happy family. It must be done so there is the least amount of psychological effects left on the child as well as anymore abuse done to the victim. Many times women feel as if they are breaking up the family and they have no one else to turn to, therefore feeling as she must stay and suffer the abusive environment due to the negative outcomes and cost of leaving. â€Å"Battered women may have to move many times to avoid violence. Battered women often lose family and friends as a result of the battering.†(Steven D. Stewart. 1998) I believe that many victi ms are afraid of what others will think and fear the judgement from friends and family as they blame themselves; instead they just isolate themselves from everyone around them and continue to live with the abuse. 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The Position Of Associate Director Of Student Services At...

Thank you for the opportunity to apply for the position of Associate Director of Student Services at Richland College. I learned about the position through your institution portal. I believe that my education and experience would be a perfect fit for what you are looking for in the position! It was by accident that I became a student services professional. My undergraduate experiences started in the College of Business and ended in Family and Child Studies. After some self-evaluation and events out of my control, I decided Business was no longer what I wanted to do. The very moment that changed it all for me was shortly after my mother became a Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) volunteer and I finally met one of the families she was advocating for. There was an instant connection with one of the teenage daughters. Things clicked for me once I realized she was looking up to me as a role model. I was always drawn to experiences that were holistically oriented so I spoke with my advisor to see what other avenues I could take. At that time, I was introduced to Family and Child Studies which led me to venture into a Bachelors of Science in Marriage and Family. My life emphasis on helping others would continue at UCO. During my collegiate years I was a TRIO-Student Support Services (SSS) participant and worked as a mentor, student worker and GA for the SSS program. I was presented with the opportunity to be mentored by amazing faculty members and staff who led me to enjoyShow MoreRelatedTaking a Looka t the Roaring 20s1788 Words   |  7 Pagesruled by the young of the nation, designs and prevailing fashions inclined energetic about the junior gleam of America. All around this point preclusion was initiated, and disallowance was ineffectual. Everything concerning the 1920s symbolized Associate in Nursing exceptional feeling of resistance and breaking a long way from pop cultures limits. The 1920s were simply cohort in nursing blast of self statement, the auto being one around the biggest. The adolescent Capones house was faraway fromRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEditorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny BeckRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesBENEFICIARY IMPROVEMENTS Subtitle A—Improving and Simplifying Financial Assistance for Low Income Medicare Beneficiaries Subtitle B—Reducing Health Disparities Subtitle C—Miscellaneous Improvements TITLE III—PROMOTING PRIMARY CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND COORDINATED CARE TITLE IV—QUALITY Subtitle A—Comparative Effectiveness Research Subtitle B—Nursing Home Transparency Subtitle C—Quality Measurements Subtitle D—Physician Payments Sunshine Provision Subtitle E—Public Reporting on HealthRead MoreInformation Technology Implementation Issues: an Analysis45771 Words   |  184 Pagestransformation is precipitated by a number of trends: a shift from manufacturing to a service economy; the usage of information as a resource, factor of production, and commodity; and the propulsion of our economic growth through technical innovation and scientific discovery. On an individual level, every aspect of our daily lives is subject to technological innovations. We have become dependent on the flexibility, access, and services that they provide us. Computers, fax machines, networks, cable television

Criminal Rehabilitation - 3452 Words

Prison is just a place where criminals get a good spanking and endless lectures on behavior until they can learn how to be righteous. In colonial America, criminals were treated in much the same way as they were in England at that time, with punishments ranging from lashings, confinement in stocks, and public brandings for minor offenses to hanging for more serious crimes-including theft (Wright, 2007). Many people are surprised to learn that the use of prisons as a form of punishment and rehabilitation was an American innovation (Farabee, 2005). On average, incarceration costs about $22,000 per year: to lock someone away for ten years costs, on average, about $220, 000; a shorter sentence with emphasis on re-education and†¦show more content†¦Rehabilitation for the benefit of communities Rehabilitation is often characterized as a â€Å"liberal idea† because it endorses â€Å"going easy† on offenders, and yet the public supports it; Americans favor a balanced approach, one that exacts a measure of justice, protects the public against serious offenders, and makes every effort to change offenders while they are within the grasp of the state (Fleisher, 1995; Irwin, 1970). State-obligated rehabilitation is based on the rights that offenders share with other citizens even after they have offended; communitarian approaches to rehabilitation recognize that offenders mostly belong to communities, and that their memberships and affiliations need to continue, or to be repaired, if they are to be reintegrated into normal membership of communities (Garland, 2001). Such approaches are associated particularly with advocates of restorative justice who believe that re-integrative processes can help offenders to atone for or make reparation for their offenses at the sa me time as helping offenders and victims to acknowledge the wrong and to learn something of each other (Braithwaite, 1989). A related approach to rehabilitation is also emerging, known as a ‘strengths-based’ approach which justifies rehabilitation on the basis of the contribution the rehabilitated offender can make to the community, and the community’s need for this contribution; ‘strengths-based and restorative approaches ask not what a person’s deficitsShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Rehabilitation on Reducing Criminal Behavior596 Words   |  2 PagesIntroduction The effect of rehabilitation on reducing criminal behavior has been studied for years. There are many types of rehabilitation such as parole, probation, group therapy, and drug therapy. The argument about whether or not rehabilitation works for criminal offenders has been ongoing for many years. 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Profit Free Essays

1. a. The total explicit cost is $793,000($970,000-$177,000). We will write a custom essay sample on Profit or any similar topic only for you Order Now The total implicit cost is $190,000($175,000+. 15X$100,000). The total economic costs is $983,000($793,000+$190,000). b. The accounting profit in 2010 is $177,000($970,000-$793,000) c. The economic profit in 2010 is $-13,000($970,000-$793,000-$190,000). d. The owner should not leave his job because the economic profit is negative, which means he will earn less if he does his own business. 2. a. The type of agency problem that is involved here is principal-agent problem. Marriott wants to maintain a certain level of quality at all of its hotels, but in order to do that it would require capital investment by franchisees. By investing in the hotels, the franchisees are losing profits. b. I believe that Marriott needs to worry about the quality of all the hotels whether they are owned or franchised. In order to keep customers satisfied and coming back to stay at a Marriott they need to keep a good reputation. c. Marriott would tend to own its hotels in resort areas because the people will be more focused on the quality and upkeep of the hotel itself. By Marriott providing good quality in resort areas it will help them gain more business in downtown areas due to the customers’ previous experience. In downtown areas it is also more difficult to find a high quality hotel. If people do not have a good experience at a Marriott then the next time they need to stay in a hotel they will travel further down the street to a different hotel due to the poor quality of the previous Marriott stay. The reputation of the Marriott depends highly on how much business it will have. A good reputation will lead to great profits. 3. a. I would expect the price of wine to decrease as well. b. I would expect the price of wine to decrease because the quantity demanded for wine will increase. c. I would expect the price of wine to decrease as well because the quantity demanded will increase due to people having a job and making more money. d. I would expect the price of wine to decrease. A rise in the price of cheese will decrease demand for cheese, which should decrease demand for wine which in turn will decrease the price for wine. e. I would expect the price of wine to increase due to the increase in prices of the wine bottles. f. I would expect the price of wine to decrease since it will be cheaper to produce. g. I would expect the price of wine to decrease. h. Since older people drink less wine, demand would be falling in this case. As a result, the price would decrease. 4. a. 5. I believe that the equilibrium price of products gaining a presence on the Internet will increase because the quantity demanded will be higher and the equilibrium output will also increase. Since it will be new to the internet the demand will increase which will make the price increase as well. 6. MC=MR 1000-10P=40P 50P=1000 P= 1000/50 P=20 units (reduction of pollution units) 7. a. MB=MC MC is w=200 and MB from hiring a second worker is MB(2)=(30-20)X25=250 TB=(50-20)X25-(200X2)=750-400=350 The firm will hire two guards. b. The benefit from the first guard is: B(1)=(50-30)X25=20X25=500. The maximum payment to the first guard the firm will be willing to pay is $500. c. MC=200 MB(4)=(14-8)x50=6X50=300 TB=(50-8)X50-(4X200)=1300 Therefore the firm should hire 4 guards. 8. a. Price=MC 70=40+0. 005Q; Q=6000 The MR for each unit of output is the same at $70. b. TR=70X6000=$420,000 TC=10,000+(40X6000)+(0. 0025X(6000)^2)=$340,000 Total Profits=$420,000-$340,000=$80,000 c. MR=MC therefore providing one more unit of output will earn $70 and cost $70 so there would be no profit. How to cite Profit, Essay examples

Blade Runner ( Ridley Scott ) Double Indemnity free essay sample

Compares film noir style, characters, plot setting of 1982 1944 works. Blade Runner (1982) and Double Indemnity (1944) might at first glance seem to have little in common, the first being a science fiction film about a man who hunts down and kills androids and the other a film about an insurance investigator and a woman who team up to kill her husband for his insurance. Both films derive their power, their style, and their look from the same source, the film noir style of the 1940s that developed spontaneously in response to the paranoia and uncertainties of World War II. In the 1940s, the style was used primarily for urban crime dramas, and the style is marked by sharp angles in both the setting and the use of the camera, night scenes, darkness, wet city streets, and sudden violence. The plots center on moral dilemmas, a sense of paranoia that often proves to be justified, the woman as lure for the male, and the male as. We will write a custom essay sample on Blade Runner ( Ridley Scott ) Double Indemnity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Honest Abe (Abe Lincoln) Essay Example For Students

Honest Abe (Abe Lincoln) Essay INTRODUCTION Abraham Lincoln, Honest Abe, is one of the greatest American Presidents. He is known today for his Presidency in which he fought the Confederacy during the Civil War and abolished slavery with the Emancipation Proclamation and later the Thirteenth Amendment. He was an intelligent, honest, and just leader who governed at a critical time in American history. PRE-PRESIDENCYLincoln was born on the twelfth of February 1809 in a cabin three miles outside of Hodgenville, Kentucky. He was later forced to move to Indiana. As a child Lincoln worked on his family’s farm clearing fields and tending crops. He liked to read but unfortunately received hardly any formal education. In fact, his entire schooling only amounted to about one year of attendance. (Brit. 23) In 1830 Lincoln’s family moved to Illinois. Lincoln didn’t want to be a farmer, so he tried other professions: rail-splitter, flatboat man, storekeeper, postmaster, surveyor, an army man, and a profession in Law. In 1932 Lincoln, at twenty-three years old, decided to run for the Illinois State legislature. Lincoln was to campaign for local improvements such as better roads and canals. However, a war with the Indians broke out before Lincoln’s campaign could get going. In response, he joined the Army. After his short wartime, Lincoln returned to politics and lost the race of Illinois Legislature. In 1834 he ran again and was elected- second of thirteen. At the age of 25 Lincoln was a member of the Illinois Legislature. After his term in the legislature, Lincoln found he needed more money. So, he started studying law on his own. He accepted a job in Springfield at John Todd Stuart’s practice. In the late 1830’s Lincoln found the love of his life, Mary Ann Todd, the daughter of a rich banker. She got engaged to Abe in 1840 and the two were married in 1842. They had thee children together, Willie and Tad Lincoln. In 1946 Lincoln won the Whig nomination for a seat in the House of Representatives for Illinois and sat in Congress in 1847. The major issues of the time were the Mexican-American war, which Lincoln opposed, and slavery. Lincoln was not an anti-slavery crusader. However, he did vote in Congress to stop it from spreading. Morally, Lincoln hated slavery and said slaver was â€Å"founded on both injustice and bad policy.† He wanted to abolish slavery over time because he thought dramatic actions to end slavery would lead to violence. Lincoln felt that Congress should not interfere with slavery in states in which it already existed. After his term in Congress, Lincoln left politics again for a full time law practice. In the early 1850’s Senator Stephen Douglas opened the issue of slavery in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. In 1854, Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska act, allowing the issue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska to be decided by popular sovereignty. Lincoln was â€Å"thunderstruck and stunned.† This act brought him back into politics. He felt obligated to speak out against the Kansas-Nebraska act. So, after Lincoln left law he traveled across Illinois campaigning for anti-slavery Whigs. In his campaigning Lincoln called slavery a â€Å"cancer† and a â€Å"monstrous injustice.† He said he believed in the Declaration of Independence, which states â€Å"all men are created equal.† However, he wasn’t sure of what to do with slavery in the states where it already existed in. In 1856, Lincoln switched from the Whig Party to the Republican Party because the Whigs were weak and could never unite against slavery. Lincoln felt that if he wanted t o make a point he would have to be with a strong party. In 1858, Lincoln won the Republican Nomination for the Illinois Senate seat. He wanted the seat of his long time rival, Senator Stephen Douglas. In Lincoln’s first speech for his Senate campaign Lincoln said, â€Å"I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free.† Lincoln warned his opponents that the spread of slavery must be stopped or else it would become â€Å"lawful in all the states; old as well as new- north as well as south.† In July of 1958, Lincoln challenged Senator Douglas to a series of seven three-hour, public debates. Thousands of people showed up to watch the Little Giant (Douglas) vs. Long Abe. Douglas fought for white supremacy. He believed the country could endure half free and half slave. Douglas said whites made this country therefore they should run it. Lincoln wanted equality. During one debate Lincoln said:â€Å"There is no reason in the world why the Negro is not entitled to all the natural rights enumerated in the Declaration of Independence, the right of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. I hold that he is as much entitled to these as the white man.†In the end, Douglas won the Senate election by a hair. However, Lincoln did not give up. His debates with Douglas had made him famous across Illinois. Lincoln kept debating and got a lot of Republican support. Lincoln got so much support that the Republicans felt he could win the presidential election. So, they tried to get him nominated. The Lincoln-Douglas debates were incredibly crucial to Lincoln’s future career. It was this series of debates that made Lincoln well known throughout the country. In fact, Lincoln probably would not have won the Presidential Election in 1860 if he hadn’t debated with Douglas. Douglas was far better known than Lincoln was throughout the country and in Illinois. At the Lincoln-Douglas debates people from miles around wou ld come to watch the two men speak in the remote towns of Illinois. Reporters from around the nation came and jotted down what the two men said. What was said at the debates could be read in the newspapers of major cities the very next day. It was Lincoln-Douglas debates that first gave Lincoln nation wide publicity. Lincoln probably would not have ended up in the White House if it had not been for these debates. PRESIDENCY PRE-CIVIL-WAR At the Illinois Republican Convention in May 1860 Lincoln was chosen as the Republican’s favorite Presidential Candidate. One week later at the National Republican Convention, Lincoln was nominated on the third ballot. Lincoln was running against two Democrats Stephen Douglas of Illinois, and John C. Breckenridge, a southern Democrat from Kentucky. On Election Day—November 6, 1860—Lincoln won the election with 1,866,000 votes. He carried every Northern State. Southerners hated this â€Å"black Republican† and his name did not appear on any southern ballots. Douglas got 1,377,000 votes and Breckenridge received 850,000. If the Democratic Party had not split Lincoln would not have been elected. Douglas and Breckenridge’s votes combined were more than the total number of votes for Lincoln. So, if Breckenridge hadn’t run, almost all Democratic votes would have gone to Douglas. I also believe, that if Douglas were elected, a civil war would not have broken out. Douglas believed the nation could endure half-free half slave. He did not feel strongly about slavery. Unlike Lincoln, Douglas did not care if slavery spread through America. If it weren’t for Lincoln slavery could have spread into new states and territories. It was Lincoln’s boldness against slavery that created nation wide fr eedom in America. As soon as Lincoln was elected some southern states threatened to secede from the Union. The South hated Lincoln. An Atlanta newspaper said, â€Å"Let the consequences be what they may†¦ the south will never submit such humiliation and degradation as the inauguration of Abraham Lincoln.† And so, sure enough, in December, the slave state South Carolina seceded from the Union. During the next three months before Lincoln’s inauguration, seven more slave states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America with their capital in Richmond, Virginia. In February, Senator Jefferson Davis of Mississippi became the president of the Confederacy. On the 4th of March 1861, Lincoln was sworn into office. In his inaugural address Lincoln told the people he would not tamper with slavery in the states where it already existed. â€Å"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.†Little did the people know what Lincoln was going to do. He later said in his address â€Å"In your hands, my dissatisfied countrymen, and not mine is the momentous issue of civil war.† Lincoln went on to say he would do everything he could to â€Å"preserve, protect, and defend† the Union. THE CIVIL WARLincoln believed the Union could be saved without any blood. However, On April 14, 1861 Fort Sumter, at the entrance to the Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, was taken over by the Confederacy. The long Civil War had begun. The Union had claimed the loyalty of 23 states, 22 million people. It was had an industrial economy which could produce rifles, cannons, shoes and everything else an army might need quickly. One thing, however, which the factories could not produce was good generals. Throughout most of the Civil War this would be a constant problem. The Confederacy had 11 states, 9 million people of which almost four million were slaves. Its economy was agricultural. Unlike the Union, the Confederacy â€Å"held a monopoly of military talent.† (LPB 73) Soldiers also knew the land on which the war was fought and had acquired military skills from hunting. Lincoln decided he needed to keep other countries from helping the confederacy. So, he set up naval blockades in Confederate ports. Then, Lincoln launched three major offensives: One into Virginia, another into Tennessee, and a third to take control of the Mississippi River. He gave General George B. McClellan control of eastern armies. McClella n trained his men very carefully but took a long time doing it. Lincoln found relief from the pressures of the war in his home life with his wife Mary and his two boys: Willie and Tad. However, in February of 1862 both boys became ill. Tad recovered. Willie, on the other hand, was not as fortunate. On February 20, 1862 William Wallace Lincoln died. This devastated the Lincoln family. Mary was so disturbed that she could not attend his funeral. By the spring of ’62, the north had captured New Orleans and was gaining control of the Mississippi. Around June, McClellan led his troops to Richmond. He brought his troops there slowly and thus, the Confederates found out and had time to muster their defenses. While McClellan’s troops were waiting outside of Richmond, Lee launched a counter-offensive driving McClellan all the way back to the James River. More than 23,000 men were killed, wounded, or missing. McClellan’s long anticipated attack on Richmond had failed. Bipolar Disorder EssayTogether, Lincoln and Grant came up with a master plan to finally beat the Rebels. They planned to launch coordinate offensives against the Confederacy from all directions. In the East, Grant would attack Lee in Virginia, driving towards the rebel capital, Richmond. In the west General Sherman would go from Tennessee into Georgia, capturing Atlanta which was, at the time, a crucial railway center for the rebels. From there, Sherman would go towards Virginia, squeezing the Confederacy and eventually taking over their capital. Lincoln was hopeful. â€Å"Grant is the first general I have had. You know how it has been with all the rest. They wanted me to be the general. I am glad to find a man who can go ahead without me.†In May 1864 the offensive began. Grant marched down to Virginia but was met my Lee’s newly rebuilt army in a densely wooded area call the Wilderness. Grant fought three major battles near Richmond but still could not take the city. During Grant’s Wilderness campaign roughly 54,000 Union soldiers were killed or wounded. Things were better for Sherman. After a long siege at Atlanta the city fell and was evacuated. Sherman’s men then went into the city and destroyed everything that could be used by the South for war. Sherman then marched through Georgia ruining everything in his path: crops, houses, livestock etc. Meanwhile, Grant was slowly taking hold of Richmond. By November the end of the war was in sight for the Union. In the election of 1864 recent Union victories gave Lincoln much support and sure enough, Lincoln was reelected on November 8, 1865. He had won by almost half a million votes out of some four million cast. Lincoln felt he should now, after winning the election, push for a Constitutional Amendment permanently outlawing slavery everywhere in the United States. Lincoln pressured anti-abolition Congressmen who apposed the amendment in the winter of ’64. Finally, on January 31, 1865 Congress passed the 13th Amendment to the Constitution outlawing slavery â€Å"within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.† On March 4, 1865 Lincoln was sworn into office. In his address he denigrated slavery, calling it a hateful and evil practice. He said that now that slavery had been abolished it was time for healing. However, Lincoln said he did not feel â€Å"malice† towards Southerners. Even as Lincoln spoke, the Union victory machine was in action. Sherman marched up the coast capturing the city of Savannah. Then, he moved up towards Virginia and on his way captured Charleston, South Carolina. Then on April 2, after a long siege, the Confederate capital, Richmond, was evacuated and the Confederate government was moved to their new capital in Danville, Virginia. The next day Union troops moved in to officially take control of the city. Then, on April 9, 1865 Lee and Grant met with their armies at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. There, Grant accepted Lee’s surrender. Lee’s men then lay down their weapons, thus, ending the long Civil War. The Civil War had lasted almost four years. More than 600,000 United States men had died. That’s more than the total number of lives lost from every war the U.S has fought in combined. Neither side had expected the war to last as long as it did or for the war to put an end to slavery. After the Civil War, many friends of President Lincoln were worried about the safety of his life. He had been receiving threats of assassination in the mail and everyone knew how much hate there was towards Lincoln, especially from the ex-Confederates. So, bodyguards, cavalry escorts, and even troops camping out on the White House lawn protected Lincoln as best they could. However, all the precautions failed. On, the night of April 14, 1865 Lincoln and his wife attended the theate r. Then, in the third act John Wilkes Booth came into the President’s box and shot Lincoln in the head. Doctors rushed to try and save the wounded President. However, on the morning of April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln died in his bed at the age of 56. Lincoln’s funeral was held in the East Room of the White House on April 19, 1865. After his funeral a long procession carried the President to the Capital Building. On the 21st a funeral train brought Lincoln to his final resting-place in Springfield, Illinois. A GREAT COMMANDER WHO HANDLED SLAVERY WELLIn the Civil War, Lincoln was a great commander. For most of the war he had trouble finding a good commander to run a campaign in the East. So, Lincoln was forced to almost single handedly head the Union campaign in the East. Early in the war, Lincoln could rely on the good strategic advice of his general in chief, Winfield Scott. Scott had proposed the â€Å"Anaconda Plan.† In his plan, Scott wanted to blockade the Southern coast and take control of the Mississippi squeezing the Confederacy and isolating them completely. Lincoln agreed with his plan but wanted to go further. He wanted the Union to take more of an offensive. So, he tightened the blockade and called for mo re troops. In this sense Lincoln was ruthless. Later, towards the end of the war, Lincoln, with the help of General Grant devised the plan that crushed the rebellion. Today, when we think of Lincoln, the fact that he was a good commander doesn’t stand out in our minds. However, after carefully looking over his bold, decisive actions in the Civil War I realized that he was indeed a great commander. Lincoln handled slavery very well. Even though he was morally against slavery he was careful in dealing with it. His handling of slavery suits Roosevelt’s saying, â€Å"Walk softly and carry a big stick.† In the election of 1860 Lincoln knew he had to have minimal enemies. So, as to not anger any pro-slavery voters Lincoln said he would not tamper with slavery in states in which it already existed. When Lincoln was inaugurated he said the same thing. He did this to try and keep America out of a Civil War. However, many slave states felt they needed to expand slavery. In order to do so they needed to get out of Lincoln’s domain. Once slave states started seceding Lincoln knew he had to crush the rebellion, but keep the border slave states loyal. So, Lincoln, once again, promised he would not take away their slavery. By doing this he kept a lot of Union support. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation raised a lot of anti-war feelings. Before announcing his plan he consulted politicians from the loyal slave states to make sure they approved. In his original plan Lincoln was going to start emancipation in loyal states. However, after listening to the views of a Kentucky Congressman Lincoln found that the border slave states would be infuriated if they became free states. At that point, when Lincoln was writing the Emancipation Proclamation, the Union was being beaten right and left and could not afford to lose the loyalty of the border states. Throughout the war Lincoln had the support of Republicans. However, after the Emancipation Proclamation was released many neutral and pro-war people became critical of Lincoln and the war. To control these Copperheads Lincoln declared martial law in certain parts of the country. In this sense he carried â€Å"a big stick.† After Lincoln won the election of 1864 he decided it was time to push forward with emancipation. If his actions had been too strong before the election he would have lost a l ot of votes. So, that winter Lincoln started strongly pressing for the 13th Amendment, outlawing slavery permanently. Lincoln’s timing for the amendment was impeccable. Also, to ensure two-thirds vote in the house, Lincoln asked an Ohio congressman to get three doubtful Democratic votes for the 13th Amendment by bribing the doubtful voters with certain positions in office and other areas that Lincoln had influence over. The greatest thing Lincoln ever did was handle slavery so well. He appeased the border states by not taking away slavery in their states and in that sense he walked â€Å"softly.† He had to deal with the Copperheads with an iron fist and in that sense Lincoln carried â€Å"a big stick.† In general Lincoln is an American hero but he is most famed and rightfully famed for the freeing of slaves. IN CONCLUSIONLincoln was one of the best Presidents, if not the best, in American history. In his era, Lincoln was viewed by some as dictator and a tyrant. However, over time the American people have come to recognize and appreciate what Lincoln has done more and more to the extent of the Lincoln Memorial and his face on Mount Rushmore. He governed the country at possibly the most critical time in the United States’ history, a time when the very existence of America was at stake. We were lucky to have Lincoln in office during that time. He has affected the world today more than any other man in that century. He handled slavery extremely well and was a great commander. His speaking ability engrossed audiences throughout his career. He died because of what he believed in and he will never be forgotten. I personally, believe that Abraham Lincoln was the finest President this country has ever had. Final word count: 4,791 wordsBibliographyAbraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln: a photobiog raphyMAcropedia, britannica